Virginia Scharffs Femininity and the Electric Car :: Technology Automobiles Essays

Virginia Scharff's "Femininity and the Electric Car" In "Femininity and the Electric Car," Virginia Scharff examines the electric car, its history, and the targeted customers at which it was aimed. Five hundred electric cars were produced by the Pope Manufacturing Company in 1897. According to Scharff, this was after Colonel Albert A. Pope, the president of that company, decided not to concentrate "on noisy or smelly gasoline-powered cars, but instead, on clean, quiet electric vehicles." ("Femininity and the Electric Car" p.75) The Pope Manufacturing Company clearly targeted women as customers. This is evident in their advertising strategy. For example, Scharff says, "As Pope suggested in a 1903 advertisement for the Pope-Waverly electric model ‘electrics†¦will appeal to anyone interested in an absolutely noiseless, odorless, clean and stylish rig that is always ready and that, mile for mile, can be operated at less cost than any other type of motor car.’ Lest this message escape those it was intended to attract, the text accompanied a picture of a delighted woman driver piloting a a similar female passenger." (p.75) With such blatant advertising can be clearl y seen that the electric car was targeted at women. Later advertisements which were also directed at women contained Victorian language. According to Scharff, this separate spheres ideology "vastly oversimplified both human relations and social forces." Scharff then gave an example of a man who is stereotypically rugged seeking shelter from the rain and of women who are stereotypically soft-spoken yelling at their children to illustrate this oversimplification. The main reasons why electric cars were targeted at women was basically because of the misconception that women lacked the ability to drive well and should drive slower, safer cars rather than faster, more powerful gasoline-powered cars. It was also assumed that women should just use a car as a means of transportation for chores and other errands that were associated with short distances, so that the electric car’s lack of range wouldn’t bother women. Perhaps husbands liked the restricted range that their wives would have because maybe they didn’t trust them enough to go on longer trips. In this manner of using the electric car nearly exclusively for chores, the technology seemed more oppressive to women rather than liberating. In addition to a limited range, Scharff mentions a number of other disadvantages that the electric car had. It was more expensive than a gasoline-powered car. It was difficult to drive on bumpy roads and was unable to climb steep hills. Virginia Scharff's Femininity and the Electric Car :: Technology Automobiles Essays Virginia Scharff's "Femininity and the Electric Car" In "Femininity and the Electric Car," Virginia Scharff examines the electric car, its history, and the targeted customers at which it was aimed. Five hundred electric cars were produced by the Pope Manufacturing Company in 1897. According to Scharff, this was after Colonel Albert A. Pope, the president of that company, decided not to concentrate "on noisy or smelly gasoline-powered cars, but instead, on clean, quiet electric vehicles." ("Femininity and the Electric Car" p.75) The Pope Manufacturing Company clearly targeted women as customers. This is evident in their advertising strategy. For example, Scharff says, "As Pope suggested in a 1903 advertisement for the Pope-Waverly electric model ‘electrics†¦will appeal to anyone interested in an absolutely noiseless, odorless, clean and stylish rig that is always ready and that, mile for mile, can be operated at less cost than any other type of motor car.’ Lest this message escape those it was intended to attract, the text accompanied a picture of a delighted woman driver piloting a a similar female passenger." (p.75) With such blatant advertising can be clearl y seen that the electric car was targeted at women. Later advertisements which were also directed at women contained Victorian language. According to Scharff, this separate spheres ideology "vastly oversimplified both human relations and social forces." Scharff then gave an example of a man who is stereotypically rugged seeking shelter from the rain and of women who are stereotypically soft-spoken yelling at their children to illustrate this oversimplification. The main reasons why electric cars were targeted at women was basically because of the misconception that women lacked the ability to drive well and should drive slower, safer cars rather than faster, more powerful gasoline-powered cars. It was also assumed that women should just use a car as a means of transportation for chores and other errands that were associated with short distances, so that the electric car’s lack of range wouldn’t bother women. Perhaps husbands liked the restricted range that their wives would have because maybe they didn’t trust them enough to go on longer trips. In this manner of using the electric car nearly exclusively for chores, the technology seemed more oppressive to women rather than liberating. In addition to a limited range, Scharff mentions a number of other disadvantages that the electric car had. It was more expensive than a gasoline-powered car. It was difficult to drive on bumpy roads and was unable to climb steep hills.

Intro to Sociology

1. The sociological perspective (imagination) can be characterized as seeing the general in the particular and how the general operation of society affects the experiences of particular people. With that, sociology educates people to better understand the opportunities and the barriers that exist in their lives. Sociological perspective can be a valuable asset in coming to terms with a personal problem. After I had to take medical leave from work and could not return because of a nerve disorder I am currently having, I began to feel as if I was not being constructive enough and my self worth took a nosedive. I was biased against myself for not doing what it is a man is ‘suppose' to be doing in society, even though I am physically hindered right now. During this time off I figured I could take a couple of classes while wait out the pain. As I analyzed the opportunities available for me to attend college full-time such as the GI Bill, loans and grants, I also reassessed some personal and professional goals with my family as in what I should do. I realized I didn't want to work in a factory for 20 years, if or when I recover, so I enrolled in college to better pursue my adjusted goals which include Associates and Bachelor Degrees in Accounting to become a Certified Public Accountant. With this opportunity comes the constraint of being in debt when leaving school but that is s how society is here in America, ‘you have to give a lot to receive a lot'. As I look back at these events, I realize my lack of self worth was a direct result of not living up to what my perception of a man's role in society is and that was causing unnecessary self-inflicted stress. There was no reason to think I was a different person of lesser value just because of my situation, but I know if I did not believe that at that time, I would not be taking this test. This injury has caused changes in statuses such as becoming a college student, becoming unemployed, and physically disabled and performing these roles in society has made me view our society as whole in a much more critical way. The sociological perspective in Jeremy's terms means: Take a step back, think for yourself, process all information, and question the doubts before making decisions that effect your life and the lives around you. . â€Å"Free Will† can be achieved on a constant basis if one decides to accept certain morality standards and values that should be practiced by all mankind. We as people have the right to do whatever it is we want†¦ but at the same must have respect for your fellow human being. If we accept the world in which we live (laws, rules and all), we will then have the choice or â€Å"Free Will† to make changes, if needed, by running for government or leading protests or being an influential personality such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. One could argue, â€Å"we do not have free will because we cant do whatever we want! † If someone wants to injure, even kill someone, or something else that harms, cheats, or steals from another, they should face some kind of consequences for their inhuman acts towards another person. â€Å"Free Will†, as I perceive it, is more abundant in this country than almost anywhere in the world because free will is about having choices and being able to decide what is best for you. Society can greatly influence the appeal of one decision over another and make one the easy choice, or programmed choice, but its here that your choice to follow the easy route, the popular societal choice or to take the road less traveled, unpopular choice is why Free â€Å"Will† exist. These choices in life that society creates are as â€Å"Free will† as it get; without society influencing our lives and the decisions we make in these ways, life would get real plain. Choices are why I believe â€Å"free will† remains, as long I am able make the decisions, that guide my life I will have â€Å"Free Will†. . This video was about a teacher from Iowa and the process she created to tech her 3rd grade students about discrimination in 1968 and their reunion 20 years later. The teacher then later applies the same process at an adult correctional officer workshop that produces similar results as the 3rd graders. The kids were segregated into blue-eyed and brown-eyed people and the teacher discriminated toward the brown-eyes one day by telling them how bad they did everything and then treated the blue-eyes the exact same way the next day. What she found was that her sweet, caring class of 3rd graders were vicious and mean towards the ones being discriminated on within 15 minutes of the prejudices being introduced to the classroom environment. Both group of kids took tests on both days and the results were much worse on the days their particular group was discriminated against and were not happy at all. With that, prejudices have a reactionary effect that seems to degrade the self-esteem and self-worth at once while also altering behavior and attitude.. The blue-eyed adults later in the film started getting agitated, uncooperative, combative, and mean due to the lack of respect they were receiving as a blue-eyed person in the same scenario. This documentary shows prejudices are mostly influenced by the surrounding environment and peers, or a culture of prejudices, which views certain categories as better or worse than others. Even if one does not agree with the prejudice, they might conform to the surrounding prejudices to ‘fit in' and so as not be discriminated against themselves. Other than both the primary and secondary groups influencing the way a person acts, most of each groups characteristics are opposite of each other. The quality of relationships in a primary group is personal orientation while secondary group are more goal orientated. The length of a primary group relationship is usually long term, where secondary groups tend to be short-term, but can vary. The primary group also will be involved in a wide range of activities, and know each other well, while secondary groups tend to involve few activities and have a narrow relationship. The subjective perception of the primary group is â€Å"as an ends in themselves' , while ‘an ends to an end† is the secondary groups perception. My family is my primary group that is involved in my everyday life that ranges from childcare to socializing to arguing. My family being behind me has allowed me to have the confidence and self-esteem to accomplish all that I have and am currently doing and have done in my life such as military service and high school. My mother's continuous positive attitude and smile has always let me know that even if I failed, she loved me no less. No matter the outcome Mom always was proud of the effort, that is all she asks. My stepfather's behavior seems to be those of a saint to me and, despite a few bumps in my road; I strive to walk a similar path as him. Even though he is my Stepfather, this man has raised me for 20 years of my 27 with class, respect, and dignity. The combination of these two great people and their qualities has allowed me to develop the self-concept needed to have a rich and fulfilling life. An example of a secondary group is our class. The impact on my behavior is I am more serious in class since I'm paying for this education and here to learn. I bet no one in this secondary group knows I do a GREAT pigeon impression (on the ground wobbling around and all! ). That would be too interpersonal for this secondary group but not my for my family/primary group, I have proof! My self-concept isn't impacted by this secondary group too radically because being in a new classroom with a bunch of people I never met before is the norm, especially being in the military and after 6 years of it, I am accustom to the environment of the unknown classroom. If anything, this secondary group, our class, has increased my self-esteem since I am more apt to speak out in class than ever before. Being able to experience some real life in the military and then coming to school has been a blessing in disguise because I am such a better student now than ever in high school. In all, despite having opposite characteristics, primary and secondary groups can both have an influential presence in self-concept, self-esteem, and behavior. 9. In defining the social structure of society, STATUS refers to a social position that an individual occupies, not its everyday meaning of ‘prestige'. Every status is part of our social identity and defines our relationship to others. i. e. college student Over a lifetime, people gain and lose dozens of statuses and sociologists study these statuses in terms how people attain them. An ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life. People usually have little or no choice in this status. Such as a death or disability later in life. An achieved status refers to a position a person assumes voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort. Some statuses matter more than others such as a master status, which has a special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. For most in the US, occupation is the master status because it conveys a great deal about social background, education, and income. While a person holds a status, they perform a ROLE, or a behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status. Actual role performance varies according to a person's personality, although some societies permit more individual expression than others. In a modern high-income country, like us, role conflict arises between roles corresponding to two or more statuses, such as parenting, full-time student, and fianci. Even roles linked to one status can cause tension known as role strain. In short, performing these roles required of us requires a balancing act throughout our life. The biggest role conflict in my life is the full-time student with parenting a child with Downs Syndrome and my current physical disability that forced me out of work and normal everyday activities without pain. Being able to analyze each status and what was expected for each role allows me to ‘compartmentalize' my school role so I can better focus on the needs of my family while home in the evening and pain management for myself. In the end compartmentalizing is organizing information in your head as to the environment expected in whatever role is needed at that time and not letting multiple roles conflict and cause something to happen that should not. Intro to Sociology 1. The sociological perspective (imagination) can be characterized as seeing the general in the particular and how the general operation of society affects the experiences of particular people. With that, sociology educates people to better understand the opportunities and the barriers that exist in their lives. Sociological perspective can be a valuable asset in coming to terms with a personal problem. After I had to take medical leave from work and could not return because of a nerve disorder I am currently having, I began to feel as if I was not being constructive enough and my self worth took a nosedive. I was biased against myself for not doing what it is a man is ‘suppose' to be doing in society, even though I am physically hindered right now. During this time off I figured I could take a couple of classes while wait out the pain. As I analyzed the opportunities available for me to attend college full-time such as the GI Bill, loans and grants, I also reassessed some personal and professional goals with my family as in what I should do. I realized I didn't want to work in a factory for 20 years, if or when I recover, so I enrolled in college to better pursue my adjusted goals which include Associates and Bachelor Degrees in Accounting to become a Certified Public Accountant. With this opportunity comes the constraint of being in debt when leaving school but that is s how society is here in America, ‘you have to give a lot to receive a lot'. As I look back at these events, I realize my lack of self worth was a direct result of not living up to what my perception of a man's role in society is and that was causing unnecessary self-inflicted stress. There was no reason to think I was a different person of lesser value just because of my situation, but I know if I did not believe that at that time, I would not be taking this test. This injury has caused changes in statuses such as becoming a college student, becoming unemployed, and physically disabled and performing these roles in society has made me view our society as whole in a much more critical way. The sociological perspective in Jeremy's terms means: Take a step back, think for yourself, process all information, and question the doubts before making decisions that effect your life and the lives around you. . â€Å"Free Will† can be achieved on a constant basis if one decides to accept certain morality standards and values that should be practiced by all mankind. We as people have the right to do whatever it is we want†¦ but at the same must have respect for your fellow human being. If we accept the world in which we live (laws, rules and all), we will then have the choice or â€Å"Free Will† to make changes, if needed, by running for government or leading protests or being an influential personality such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. One could argue, â€Å"we do not have free will because we cant do whatever we want! † If someone wants to injure, even kill someone, or something else that harms, cheats, or steals from another, they should face some kind of consequences for their inhuman acts towards another person. â€Å"Free Will†, as I perceive it, is more abundant in this country than almost anywhere in the world because free will is about having choices and being able to decide what is best for you. Society can greatly influence the appeal of one decision over another and make one the easy choice, or programmed choice, but its here that your choice to follow the easy route, the popular societal choice or to take the road less traveled, unpopular choice is why Free â€Å"Will† exist. These choices in life that society creates are as â€Å"Free will† as it get; without society influencing our lives and the decisions we make in these ways, life would get real plain. Choices are why I believe â€Å"free will† remains, as long I am able make the decisions, that guide my life I will have â€Å"Free Will†. . This video was about a teacher from Iowa and the process she created to tech her 3rd grade students about discrimination in 1968 and their reunion 20 years later. The teacher then later applies the same process at an adult correctional officer workshop that produces similar results as the 3rd graders. The kids were segregated into blue-eyed and brown-eyed people and the teacher discriminated toward the brown-eyes one day by telling them how bad they did everything and then treated the blue-eyes the exact same way the next day. What she found was that her sweet, caring class of 3rd graders were vicious and mean towards the ones being discriminated on within 15 minutes of the prejudices being introduced to the classroom environment. Both group of kids took tests on both days and the results were much worse on the days their particular group was discriminated against and were not happy at all. With that, prejudices have a reactionary effect that seems to degrade the self-esteem and self-worth at once while also altering behavior and attitude.. The blue-eyed adults later in the film started getting agitated, uncooperative, combative, and mean due to the lack of respect they were receiving as a blue-eyed person in the same scenario. This documentary shows prejudices are mostly influenced by the surrounding environment and peers, or a culture of prejudices, which views certain categories as better or worse than others. Even if one does not agree with the prejudice, they might conform to the surrounding prejudices to ‘fit in' and so as not be discriminated against themselves. Other than both the primary and secondary groups influencing the way a person acts, most of each groups characteristics are opposite of each other. The quality of relationships in a primary group is personal orientation while secondary group are more goal orientated. The length of a primary group relationship is usually long term, where secondary groups tend to be short-term, but can vary. The primary group also will be involved in a wide range of activities, and know each other well, while secondary groups tend to involve few activities and have a narrow relationship. The subjective perception of the primary group is â€Å"as an ends in themselves' , while ‘an ends to an end† is the secondary groups perception. My family is my primary group that is involved in my everyday life that ranges from childcare to socializing to arguing. My family being behind me has allowed me to have the confidence and self-esteem to accomplish all that I have and am currently doing and have done in my life such as military service and high school. My mother's continuous positive attitude and smile has always let me know that even if I failed, she loved me no less. No matter the outcome Mom always was proud of the effort, that is all she asks. My stepfather's behavior seems to be those of a saint to me and, despite a few bumps in my road; I strive to walk a similar path as him. Even though he is my Stepfather, this man has raised me for 20 years of my 27 with class, respect, and dignity. The combination of these two great people and their qualities has allowed me to develop the self-concept needed to have a rich and fulfilling life. An example of a secondary group is our class. The impact on my behavior is I am more serious in class since I'm paying for this education and here to learn. I bet no one in this secondary group knows I do a GREAT pigeon impression (on the ground wobbling around and all! ). That would be too interpersonal for this secondary group but not my for my family/primary group, I have proof! My self-concept isn't impacted by this secondary group too radically because being in a new classroom with a bunch of people I never met before is the norm, especially being in the military and after 6 years of it, I am accustom to the environment of the unknown classroom. If anything, this secondary group, our class, has increased my self-esteem since I am more apt to speak out in class than ever before. Being able to experience some real life in the military and then coming to school has been a blessing in disguise because I am such a better student now than ever in high school. In all, despite having opposite characteristics, primary and secondary groups can both have an influential presence in self-concept, self-esteem, and behavior. 9. In defining the social structure of society, STATUS refers to a social position that an individual occupies, not its everyday meaning of ‘prestige'. Every status is part of our social identity and defines our relationship to others. i. e. college student Over a lifetime, people gain and lose dozens of statuses and sociologists study these statuses in terms how people attain them. An ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life. People usually have little or no choice in this status. Such as a death or disability later in life. An achieved status refers to a position a person assumes voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort. Some statuses matter more than others such as a master status, which has a special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. For most in the US, occupation is the master status because it conveys a great deal about social background, education, and income. While a person holds a status, they perform a ROLE, or a behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status. Actual role performance varies according to a person's personality, although some societies permit more individual expression than others. In a modern high-income country, like us, role conflict arises between roles corresponding to two or more statuses, such as parenting, full-time student, and fianci. Even roles linked to one status can cause tension known as role strain. In short, performing these roles required of us requires a balancing act throughout our life. The biggest role conflict in my life is the full-time student with parenting a child with Downs Syndrome and my current physical disability that forced me out of work and normal everyday activities without pain. Being able to analyze each status and what was expected for each role allows me to ‘compartmentalize' my school role so I can better focus on the needs of my family while home in the evening and pain management for myself. In the end compartmentalizing is organizing information in your head as to the environment expected in whatever role is needed at that time and not letting multiple roles conflict and cause something to happen that should not.

Management and Leadership Paper - 945 Words

Running head: Management and Leadership Paper Management and Leadership Paper University of Phoenix The difference between management and leadership is that management is concerned about structuring the organization and placing individuals in the right positions that are able to perform the functions of those duties and monitors the progress of the peoples performance. Leadership motivates the people to understand the vision of the organization and to help them to move closer to that direction, and to help them rise above what obstacles that may stump them. Managers are responsible for being a manger and a leader all rolled up into one, but it takes an effective leader to carry out the roles. A leader has to†¦show more content†¦One way for this to happen is to set up evaluations of their work performance. Every individual must be evaluated on the standard performance that was laid out by the objectives that were created, and make sure that the standards have been met continue to reach further goals on the measurements. Also to be able to control the Budget to make sure that the funds that help keep the organization afloat is there and not being misused by having Audits. The company can have an internal audit to make sure that they know where the funds are being placed and being spent appropriately. Just recently in the Science and Technology Division (STD) that I am under there has been a budget cut seven months into the fiscal year. This came from higher commands that the budget has been severed so the Science and Technology Division decided to cut the Travel Budget because that will save the whole budget that was laid out to continue with the research and development projects. This also makes the individuals be more creative in keeping updated with their partners and customers by doing teleconferencing or Video Conference without the travel involved. Only travels that will be approved are ones that the customer is willing to pay for the individuals to go to them. To keep the organization motivated the individuals within the organization have to be motivated to come to work and have self worth, they want to be able to see their work make a difference in whatShow MoreRelatedManagement and Leadership Paper1284 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership Paper Evelina Tibubos University of Phoenix MGT 330/ Management: Theory, Practice and Application Management and Leadership Paper I Introduction: Leadership and management are two opposing styles of employee supervision actively used with in the organization. It has lots of similarities, yet there are many differences that separate a manager from a leader. 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Democracy in America Today - 1747 Words

Democracy in America Today Pos/110 October 16, 2011 Final Project: Democracy in America Since the beginning of American Democracy it has been morphed from the founder’s format. With all its changes, it still functions as a well-constructed form of democracy that supports our nation. American democracy has both strengths and weaknesses. Government spending or over-spending is a core issue facing our nation in these economically troubled times. There are many points to be addressed regarding American government today. Adjustments within American democracy have caused us to land in our current situation of economic uncertainty. Some of these developments have actually had a negative impact on democracy and the people†¦show more content†¦The Constitution is at risk of being overrun in our current political climate. The gap between the rich and poor in American society had been narrowed during the last 50 years of the last century. 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Dracula Paper free essay sample

The conflict of science versus superstition is drawn out throughout the whole novel. We know that some of our main characters, Jon, Van Helsing and Dracula all depict one of the two, or both. Stoker does not make a point that religion is more important than science, and vice versa. I personally believe that he tries to portray that both science and religion are important to the novel. Through the series of events that partake within the duration of the novel there are many things that one can explain but not the other. But, both science and religion cannot explain everything just themselves. Three of the main characters all portray science, superstition or a little bit of both, science and superstition, representing that both cannot exist without the other. Jon Harker, our main character represents one hundred percent science, we are really shown this in the first four chapters in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jon who knows nothing but science tries to take what he knows about science and tries to apply it to Dracula who represents the opposite of Jon, one hundred percent superstition or religion. There are so many things that Harker tries while he stays at Dracula’s castle. Initially he is uneasy about staying with in the castle, but Draculas warm welcome calms Harker momentarily. As he settles in he observes Dracula’s physical traits, pointed ears, extremely pale skin and exceptionally sharp teeth, Harker becomes uneasy again. He starts to pick up on small things such as why there are no mirrors in the castle, and why he doesn’t show up during the day. He attempts to explain this with science and he struggles to do so. As Jonathan is trying to find a way to escape the castle he has a strange meeting with three vampire girls, which is unusual for him. I was afraid to raise my eyelids, but looked out and saw perfectly under the lashes. The fair girl went on her knees, and bent over me, fairly gloating. There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she arched her neck she actually licked her lips like an animal, till I could see in the moonlight the moisture shining on the scarlet lips and on the red tongue as it lapped the white sharp teeth. Lower and lower went her head as the lips went below the range of my mouth and chin and seemed to fasten on my throat. I could feel the soft,  shivering touch of the lips on the supersensitive skin of my throat, and the hard dents of two sharp teeth, just touching and pausing there. I closed my eyes in a languorous ecstacy and waited waited with beating heart. (Stoker, 57) Jon Harker is not sure what is happening and who these girls are and he doesn’t learn to understand this until Dracula shows up and tells them to back of because Jon is his. I think this is when it really settles in for Jon that science cannot explain why Dracula crawls up the sides of the walls of the castle or has razor sharp teeth. You are clever man, friend John; you reason well, and your wit is bold; but you are too prejudiced. You do not let your eyes see nor your ears hear, and that which is outside your daily life is not of account to you. Ah, it is the fault of our science that it wants to explain all; and if it explain not, then it says there is nothing to explain. Van Helsing laments the narrow and prejudiced vision of Seward, the rational man of science who understands nothing about the ultimate cause of Lucys death and the Un-dead Lucys preying upon children. If Seward has no data, he is unable to draw any conclusion and therefore unable to act. He does not believe in vampires because there is no proof, so he is vulnerable to the Counts evil. Van Helsing, in contrast, knows this territory because he has kept an open mind and has drawn upon a broad base of knowledge, from modern science to ancient lore. A brave mans blood is the best thing on this earth when a woman is in trouble.' (Chapter 12) Van Helsing asks Quincey Morris to donate his blood to save Lucys life. Throughout the novel, there is a morally upstanding quality to the blood that the men donate to Lucy. In Chapter 10, Van Helsing comments that Holmwood is so young and strong and of blood so pure that we need not defibrinate it. The pure and wholesome blood of these fine young men stands in contrast to the tainted, death-dealing blood of the Count, who infects his victims with the curse of vampirism.

The Skill Of Running A State Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Skill of Runing a State Among the most widely read of the Renaissance minds was Niccolo Machiavelli. Born in Florence, Italy in 1469, he became a politician who retired from public service and devoted the proceeding old ages to composing about history, political doctrine, and even dramas. His political doctrine # 8217 ; s concentrated on the accomplishments required for successfully running a province. Machiavelli focused on the manner things are, instead than the manner things ought to be. In 1513, Machiavelli wrote his best known work, # 8220 ; The Prince # 8221 ; . The implicit in subject provinces that a successful prince must show virtuousnesss, such as strength and accomplishment, in favourable and inauspicious state of affairss. Therefore, Machiavelli proposes that a swayer must obtain a good repute by fall backing to any agencies necessary given the fortunes. Although, it is desirable to be both loved and feared by one # 8217 ; s topics, Machiavelli declares it is far safer for the swayer to be feared. We will write a custom essay sample on The Skill Of Running A State Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, in # 8220 ; The Prince # 8221 ; , Machiavelli argues the significance of a prince to be feared and avoid being hated by his topics, which can be achieved through fraudulence and corruptness, in order to keep the stableness of the province. # 8220 ; The Prince # 8221 ; is one of the first scrutinies of political relations and scientific discipline from a strictly scientific and rational position. Machiavelli theorizes that the province is merely created if the people cooperate and work to keep it. The province is besides one of adult male s greatest enterprises, and the province takes precedency over everything else. The province should be one s primary focal point, and keeping the sovereignty of the province is one s most critical concern. The province is founded on the power of its military. Therefore, a strong armed forces is critical to keeping the province. Machiavelli believes that work forces respect power, but they will take advantage of kindness. He believes that when given the chance, one must destruct wholly, because if one does non, he will surely be destroyed. The prince should take the military, and he has to be intelligent. An effectual politician can do speedy and intelligent picks about the jobs that invariably arise before him. He must besides hold virtuousness, which means he is strong, confident, gifted, every bit good as smart. A prince can non be unsure, because uncertainness is a mark of failing. Fortune controls half of human s actions, and Man will command the other half. Virtue is the best defence for luck, and virtuousness must be used in order to maintain luck in cheque. The prince must take advantage of state of affairss based entirely on if it is best for the province. He should take his determinations based on modern-day and historical illustrations. A prince can non see whether his Acts of the Apostless are moral or immoral, and he alternatively must move in an indifferent mode for the province. Furthermore, it does non count how the province achieves its ends, every bit long as these ends are achieved Machiavelli farther concludes that it is hard to be loved and feared at the same time. Harmonizing to Machiavelli, the reply is that it would be desirable to be both, but since that is hard, it is much safer to be feared than loved. The job with being loved is that it will non needfully maintain you from acquiring trampled. Indeed, if people are afraid of their prince, so they will be loyal. If the people fear their swayer, than they would non even contemplate about cabaling against him. Therefore, # 8220 ; fright is sustained by a apprehension of penalty that neer forsakes you # 8221 ; . Men will waver to pique a swayer that has made himself feared. It is merely a natural portion of human nature to non volitionally contend person that they are afraid of. Being feared and non despised is a dependable mechanism that a prince should use. Equally long as the prince abstains from impounding his citizen # 8217 ; s belongings and adult females, he can outdo avoid being overthrown. Furth ermore, if it is deemed necessary to put to death person, it should follow through merely if there is an obvious and merely cause. For all the people will of all time inquire of their swayer is for him to keep their best involvements in all important affairs. Machiavelli besides explains that the crowned head must take whatever action is necessary to keep order in society. In clip this will ensue in the most compassionate pick excessively. Machiavelli explains that, Cesare Borgia, by utilizing inhuman treatment was able to accomplish order and obeisance in Romangna. This contrast with the inactivity of the Florentines, who allowed internal struggle to develop in Pistoia, resulted in desolation of the metropolis. Therefore, a figure of extremely seeable executings can be really effectual in commanding the people and forestalling a major eruption of force and slaying. Machiavelli besides cites the enormous military successes of Hannibal. Even though Hannibal led an ground forces of different races over foreign dirt, he neer had any discord because of his repute of extreme inhuman treatment. Machiavelli negotiations systematically about the Roman Empire and its swayers. Particularly, he stresses the importance of holding a strong ground forces and popular support by the ground forces and the people. The Roman emperors proved to us many times that a swayer who is perceived to be weak is the most vulnerable to assail. Alexander Severus was controlled by his female parent and considered feminine by his military personnels. He was a good swayer, but it was this visual aspect of failing that led his military personnels to kill him. Antonius Caracalla is another illustration of an erroneous swayer. He was a really strong military leader who was a great combatant. Unfortunately, he became an incredib ly cruel and rough swayer over clip, and therefore, he was killed by a centurion. Machiavelli besides includes the state of Italy into much of his Hagiographas. He hopes to repossess the land, which has been taken off from them. He feels that Italian princes have lost their provinces because they have non had armed people. Machiavelli tells us that an â€Å"armed population is a stable population† . However, when a prince is with his ground forcess and has a huge figure of soldiers functioning his authorities, # 8220 ; so it is above all necessary non to care about a name for inhuman treatment # 8221 ; . This is due to the fact that ground forcess are neer kept united, nor are they put together unless their leader is rough. Although non all topics can be armed, those who receive the particular intervention and are armed become obligated to the prince and will therefore be faithful. But when a prince disarms them, they may acquire offended and experience as if they are distrusted, which would bring forth feelings of hatred. The best possible safety cyberspace for a prince is to maintain his topics happy, armed and faithful. Not to be disliked by your people is the best possible fortress that a prince hopes to accomplish. In add-on, Machiavelli believes that a wise swayer should look to hold the virtuousness of clemency but in world, pattern inhuman treatment. Yet the grades of inhuman treatment may change. For case, a prince may take to be terrible in the beginning of his opinion and so be moderate after some clip. Machiavelli suggests that a prince must ever exhibit five virtuousnesss in peculiar: clemency, honestness, humanity, uprightness, and devoutness. It is critical that all of the swayers seem devout because people will blindly see the side of the swayer that he undertakings and wants them to see. For # 8220 ; work forces in general justice more by their eyes than custodies, because visual perception is given to everyone, touching to few # 8221 ; . Machiavelli goes on to state that hatred is acquired through the Acts of the Apostless of good and bad workss. Hence it is necessary for a prince, if he wants to keep himself, to larn to be able non to be good, and to utilize this and non utilize it harmonizing to necessity. Covering with the spiritual facets of the above written virtuousnesss, Machiavelli explains that the great princes of the past complete great things without taking religion into history. Yet, a prince has to be cunning and appear to hold religion. Furthermore, Machiavelli # 8217 ; s analogy of the fox and the king of beasts complies with the impression that a prince must cognize when to lead on his people. The fox represents the type of animate being that is cunning and the king of beasts signifies a feared animate being. Therefore, it is of import for a prince to cognize when to convey out these qualities and how to equilibrate their effects. He believes that people are already eager and ready to be deceived, and that # 8220 ; work forces are so simple and so obedient to show necessities that he who deceives will ever happen person who will allow themselves be deceived # 8221 ; . From this it appears that people will non consciously seek the truth in order to avoid confusion and struggle. Obviously, a swayer that encompasses the mere kernel of all of these virtuousnesss, when faced with a fluctuation of luck, is non bided by those qualities. He will be able to fall back to evil steps when forced by necessity. Indeed, to ho ld that signifier of purchase is of import for the success of the province. Furthermore, Machiavelli strongly argues that the generousness of a prince will harm him in the long tally. If a prince is unfeignedly generous, he has to be broad, which entails the qualities of luxury and extravagancy. As a consequence, the swayer will # 8220 ; devour all his resources in such workss # 8221 ; . In order to go on his liberalness he will be forced to be strict with revenue enhancements. Due to this facet the prince will be hated by his topics, and since he will be poverty- stricken, he will therefore be held with small respect. There is nil that is more self-consuming as generousness ; the more it is practiced, the less it will be able to go on to be practiced. The swayer will be despised and hapless that will do him genuinely hated. Above all, a swayer must guard against being hated. So, it is better to cultivate a repute for beastliness. If the people consider their swayer to be mean, they will still fear him because of that quality, but non detest him. Another ruin from a generous prince comes from the fact that work forces are pretentious, frivolous, # 8220 ; thankless, volatile, Pretenders and hypocrites, evaders of danger, tidal bore for addition # 8221 ; . A prince that has founded himself based on friendly relationships with other work forces is ruined. For friendly relationships can be traded for other promises, when acquired by money and turn out to be really undependable when they are needed. Men will non be loath to pique a swayer that is generous and efforts to do him loved. Regardless, a wise swayer should trust on what is under his control and capablenesss. Machiavelli has wondrous depicted the accomplishments a successful swayer must larn to continue solidness in his province. Even if a prince has to utilize immoral steps to guarantee the province # 8217 ; s good being, Machiavelli finds this justifiable in the kingdom of political relations. For this is a cardinal component that Machiavelli portrays in # 8220 ; The Prince # 8221 ; . Cipher wants to assist a weak individual without profiting from his or her services, that is human nature # 8217 ; s manner of thought. Therefore, Machiavelli stresses that it is imperative that a swayer be feared and derive this repute through his ain actions. However, Machiavelli states his points on why a prince should avoid being hated if he plans to go on to govern even if he has to be fallacious and corrupt.